Objectives of Programme's Learning Outcomes

• Solve issues relevant to biology
• Make accurate observations in the context of activities in the field and in the laboratory
• Analyse and interpret, in an appropriate way, biological data collected in natura, through dissection or based on an experimental protocol in the laboratory

Learning Outcomes of UE

At the end of this course, students will have acquired an overview of the early steps of embryonic development in invertebrates and vertebrates, and the following development steps in vetebrates. He will have a good overall knowledge of the mechanisms regulating embryonic development (genetic and cellular regulations).

UE Content: description and pedagogical relevance

this course provides the fundamentals of animal embryology, to understand all the mechanisms resulting from the fertilization of an egg by a male gamete, leading to the formation of a new individual. we will describe the steps of fertilization, the early stages of embryonic development in several invertebrates and vertebrates, specifically chosen because model organisms in the field. We will discuss the following stages of embryonic development in vertebrates (neurulation, organogenesis and germline fate).During practical lessons, students will observe and analyse fertilization and early development in sea urchin and will visit the fertility center of the Ambroise Paré Hospital.

Prior Experience

Molecular biology