Objectives of Programme's Learning Outcomes

• Describe, organise, analyse and prioritise the phenomena observed in the medical field
• Understand the expression of biological realities in absolute or relative terms, the orders of magnitude, proportions and probability
• Understand and apply mathematical translations of large models and biological phenomena through abstract reasoning
• Understand and use different graphical representations of numerical values and their relationships
• Understand the chronology of a phenomenon and master the time scales and their representations
• Control the molecular, morphological and functional approaches of normal and pathological conditions
• Describe these states and technical examinations to quantify them in different approaches, as well as describe the operational characteristics of these examinations
• Demonstrate interpersonal skills developed within a medical context
• Understand the basic rules of French and of English (grammar, punctuation, connectors, etc.).
• Use a rich vocabulary accurately linking concepts and words, and understand the prefixes and suffixes used in the medical field
• Develop reasoning skills
• Understand and apply Bayesian inference
• Use a hypothesis in inductive, deductive or abductive reasoning
• Develop critical thinking, test and monitor conclusions understanding the domain of validity, and explore alternative hypotheses
• Integrate reasoning in clinical approaches
• Manage doubt and uncertainty
• Manage resources
• Prioritise
• Promote health
• Understand a global approach to health incorporating prevention and screening
• Manage their studies
• Read, interpret, and critique a scientific article
• Compare different sources of information
• Be a responsible practitioner
• Base reasoning on the data taken from scientific literature (evidence-based-medicine)
• Integrate an ethical dimension in their reasoning

Learning Outcomes of UE

At the end of this course, the student will have acquired the following skills:
- Understanding of the historical bases that led to the development of clinical epidemiology;
- The peculiarities of epidemiological reasoning and the notion of group;
- Mastery of the basic tools for describing the frequency of a disease in a population (incidence and prevalence, and derivatives);
- Mastery of basic tools for describing mortality in a population, and associated measures (life expectancy, year of life lost in good health, DALY, standardized mortality, etc.);
- Understanding of the main types of observational studies in epidemiology (in particular case-control and cohort studies); be able to understand their respective advantages and disadvantages and their indications;
- Understanding of the concept of RR and OR, risk difference, relative risk variation;
- Understanding of the main types of interventional studies in epidemiology, in particular RCT; the randomization process, the notion of "blinding", superiority or non-inferiority trial, number of subjects to be treated (NNT);
- The concept of bias and confounding factor; respective control methods (restriction, stratification, matching, multivariate analyzes, etc.);
- Causality in epidemiology; causality according to Henlé-Koch and according to Bradford Hill.

UE Content: description and pedagogical relevance

- Some historical bases having led to the development of clinical epidemiology;
- The peculiarities of epidemiological reasoning and the notion of group;
- The basic tools for describing the frequency of a disease in a population: proportion, ratio, rate, index;
- Incidence measures: absolute incidence, cumulative incidence and concept of risk, attack rate, incidence rate or incidence density;
- Prevalence. Link between incidence and prevalence;
- Mortality in epidemiology: absolute mortality, crude mortality rate and overall mortality, specific mortality, proportional mortality, lethality, "case fatality rate" and "infection fatality rate", life expectancy, years of potential life lost (YPLL), premature mortality, DALY, standardized mortality and SMR;
- Descriptive and analytical observational epidemiological studies (in particular case-control and cohort studies); relative risk, difference and excess risk; relative change in RR; OR and its 95% CI,
- Interventional epidemiological studies: RCT and its basic principles (randomization and types of randomization, blind concept, control group, judgment criteria, superiority or non-inferiority trials, number of subjects to be treated (NNT), ...);
- The concept of bias and confounding factor; types of bias and examples; structure of a confounder and examples; respective control methods for biases and confounding factors (restriction, stratification, matching, multivariate analyzes, etc.);
- Causality in epidemiology; causality according to Henlé-Koch and according to Bradford Hill.

Prior Experience

Not applicable